改革开放40年空间型规划法制的演进与展望

[摘　要]改革开放40年，中国的城市化无论在规模还是质量方面都取得了举世瞩目的成就，空间型规划发挥了不可替代的作用。空间型规划所规制的是行政行为与土地使用，而法制的重点是规范政府的规划行为。规划法制的产生、演进与当时的社会经济发展水平和国家治理方式密切相关。中国的空间型规划法制顺应了城市化进程中经济市场化、区域一体化、主体多元化的改革需求，形成了以《城乡规划法》为主体的空间型规划法规体系，但也留下了在计划经济时期权力制约权力的痕迹，产生了“多规”等问题。随着空间规划体系的提出，建立以《空间规划法》为主体的法规体系，提升空间规划在城市化进程中的治理能力，则是当下面临的重大课题。
[关键词]空间规划；市场经济；土地使用；权力运行；法制演进
[文章编号]1006-0022(2018)10-0013-06　[中图分类号]TU981　[文献标识码]A
[引文格式]何明俊．改革开放40年空间型规划法制的演进与展望[J]．规划师，2018(10)：13-18．
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
Evolution of the Spatial-class Planning Law System in the past Reform and Opening Forty Years and its Visions of Futurity/He Mingjun
[Abstract] The urbanization in China not only in the scale but also in quality has made a great achievement of the world in the Past Forty Years of reform and opening, and the spatial-class planning has played an irreplaceable role. What the spatial-class planning regulates is the land use, and what the planning law regulates is mainly on the governmental behavior of planning. The production and evolution of the planning law are related to the economic development level and the national governance mode. The law systems for the spatial-class planning conformed to the reform demand in economic marketization, regional integration and benefit diversification in the urbanization, and the spatial-class planning law system which mainly consists of the Urban and Rural Planning Law comes into being. But it remained the traces that administration power was restricted by another administration power in the period of planning economy, and it produced the problems of “multiple plans”. In pace with the spatial planning is presented, it is a current big issue for us to establish the law system mainly consist of the spatial planning law , in order to lift the governance capability of the spatial planning in the process of the urbanization.
[Key words]  Spatial planning, Market economy, Land use, Power Operation, Evolution of law system

0引言

2018年十三届全国人大一次会议批准成立自然资源部，并授权其将主体功能区规划、城乡规划和土地利用总体规划整合成为空间规划体系。这标志着空间型规划制度的重大转型。虽然空间规划尚未有明确的定义，但在中国至少形成