东北地区收缩城市的识别分析及规划应对

[摘　要]尽管当前国际上收缩城市的研究对象主要集中在西方发达国家，但已有不少报告指出发展中国家也具有相当数量的收缩城市。文章通过梳理收缩城市的研究理论，结合国内城市规划同行对收缩城市的理解，确定研究的对象与问题。在此基础上，对东北地区的收缩城市进行识别与分析，并选取收缩现象较显著的黑龙江省伊春作为个案研究，结果发现：东北地区的收缩城市既受区域性少子化、边缘性和制度变迁等问题影响，又带有资源型城市的共性问题，而个案城市的特性问题也在很大程度上导致了人口的收缩；对比西方的资源型收缩城市，伊春的人口收缩有着更为复杂的成因并出现了“退二进一”“逆城镇化”等特殊现象，由此提出相应的规划对策与建议。
[关键词]收缩城市；资源型城市；人口收缩；逆城镇化
[文章编号]1006-0022(2017)01-0026-07　[中图分类号]TU984　[文献标识码]A
[引文格式]高舒琦，龙瀛．东北地区收缩城市的识别分析及规划应对[J]．规划师，2017(1)：26-32.

Distinguishing And Planning Shrinking Cities In Northeast China/Gao Shuqi, Long Ying
[Abstract] Studies of shrinking cities are mainly in western countries; however, many reports have pointed out quite a number of shrinking cities in developing countries. The paper reviews relevant researches, distinguishes and analyzes shrinking cities in northeast China, and chooses Yichun city as a study case. The paper finds that regional decay, marginality, and institutional change all affect city shrinking, and some particular reasons of Yichun city also contribute to population shrinking. In contrast with shrinking resource-based cities in northwest China, Yichun’s shrinkage has more complex reasons, and some unique phenomenon such as “suppress the second industry and develop the first industry” and “counter urbanization”. Relevant planning measures are proposed.
[Key words]  Shrinking cities, Resource-based city, Population shrinking, Counter-urbanization