社会生态学视角下的城镇体系规划方法优化与实践

【摘　要】传统城镇体系规划过于关注物质空间布局，忽略了人的发展诉求，并且指导范围往往局限于城镇自身，忽视了对乡村地区发展的指导，使其难以有针对性地解决城镇化过程中产生的社会生态问题。研究采用社会生态学视角，通过探索劳动力产需平衡等规律，构建以城镇化区域分类引导为核心、以小城镇发展和非农就业指引为重点、以城乡公共服务设施和基础设施创新配置为保障的城镇体系规划的社会生态学理论框架，并以日照市域城镇体系规划为例进行实践，对新型城镇化背景下城镇体系规划理论的发展进行有益的探索。
[关键词] 社会生态系统；城镇体系规划；新型城镇化；就业平衡
[文章编号]1006-0022(2016)01-0063-07　[中图分类号]TU981　[文献标识码]B

Urban System Planning Improvement And Practice From Socio-ecology Viewpoint/Tian Jian, Zeng Huiping
[Abstract] Traditional urban planning system overweighs physical layout and neglects human needs. Its work focuses on town area and overlooks rural development, which leaves socio-ecological problems unresolved. From socio-ecological viewpoint, the paper studies the rule of demand-supply balance, establishes a zoning guidance centered, small town and non-agricultural employment guidance prioritized, public service and infrastructure guaranteed socio-ecological theory structure in urban system planning. The theory is implemented in Rizhao urban system planning.
[Key words] Socio-ecological system, Urban system planning, New urbanization, Employment balance

1 研究背景

1.1社会生态学视角下传统城镇体系规划存在的不足
      社会生态学是一门研究人类行为与社会环境交互关系的学科，它将人类成长的社会环境看作一种社会性的生态系统，注重人与环境各系统的相互作用及其对人类行为的影响[1]。城乡空间是人类社会环境的重要载体，将社会生态学视角引入城乡规划，可以通过研究社会生态问题反思现有城乡规划的不足，然后通过创新优化规划方法和内容，解决社会生态问题。